法律上指為了保障被控犯罪者而賦予他的權利和特權。在現今多數司法系統中，這些權利包括︰在被陪審團（jury）判決有罪前都應被視為無辜，有辯護律師為其辯護的權利，舉出可以證明自己無罪的證人和證據的權利，與原告（accuser）對質的權利，不受無理搜查（search）和扣押（seizure）的權利，不受快速審理（speedy trial）的權利、不受同一罪名兩次審理（double jeopardy）的權利，以及保留上訴（appeal）的權利。在美國，被告人被捕時，必須告知他有權由律師為他辯護和有權不回答任何可能導致對他不利的證據的問題（參閱Miranda v. Arizona）。
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In law, the rights and privileges of a person accused of a crime. In most modern legal systems these include the presumption of innocence until proved guilty, trial by jury, representation by counsel, the right to present witnesses and evidence to establish one's innocence, and the right to cross-examine one's accusers. Also important are prohibitions against unreasonable searches and seizures, the right to a speedy trial, and guarantees of freedom from double jeopardy and of the right to appeal. In the U.S. a person accused of a crime must be notified immediately of the right to secure counsel and the right to refuse to answer questions if answering might be incriminating (Miranda vs. Arizona).
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